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uni/year2/semester1/logseq-stuff/pages/Database System Introduction.md

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- #[[CT230 - Database Systems I]]
- No previous topic
- **Next Topic:** [[The Relational Model]]
- **Relevant Slides:** ![Lecture01.pdf](../assets/Lecture01_1662845512365_0.pdf)
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- What is a **database**? #card
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- A **database** is ^^a collection of related data.^^
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- What is the **Database Approach**? #card
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- A **single repository** of data (which may be distributed) is maintained that is **defined once** and then accessed by various users via a **DBMS**.
- ## Database Management Systems
- What is a **DBMS**? #card
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- The **DataBase Management System (DBMS)** is a collection of programs that facilitates the process of ^^defining, constructing, & manipulating^^ databases for various applications.
- ### DBMS Capabilities #card
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- 1. **Define** database (DDL)
2. **Manipulate** database (SQL)
3. **Control** redundancy
4. **Restrict** unauthorised access
5. **Enforce** integrity constraints
6. Provide multiple user interfaces / **views**
7. Provide **concurrent access**
8. Provide mechanism for **recovery**
9. Provide **back-up**
10. Allows representation of complex relationships between data (For efficiency & optimisation reasons)
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- ### Disadvantages of DBMS approach #card
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- Strict schema & multiple tables / relations
- Complexity
- Size
- Cost of DBMS
- Additional hardware costs
- Cost of conversion
- Performance
- Higher impact of failure
- ### DBMS Users #card
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- **Administrators (DBA)** - accounts, passwords, privileges. Requiring constant vigilance
- **System Analysts** - "What's required to solve a problem? What does the business need?"
- **Designers** - ER diagrams, mapping ER diagrams to tables
- **Application Programmers** - creating tables, adding data, creating queries
- **End users**
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- What is **Database Abstraction**? #card
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- **Database Abstraction** refers to the hiding of the details of data storage that are not needed by most database users.
- The aim is to separate user's views of the database from the way that it is "physically" represented.
- 3 ways in which data can be described:
- **External:** user's view
- **Conceptual:** logical structure as seen by DBA
- **Internal:** DBMS and OS view of data
- What is the database **schema**? #card
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- The database **schema** is the ^^logical structure of the database.^^
- What is the database **instance**? #card
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- The database **instance** is ^^the actual content of the database at some point in time.^^
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