177 lines
6.5 KiB
TeX
177 lines
6.5 KiB
TeX
%! TeX program = lualatex
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\documentclass[a4paper]{article}
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% packages
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\usepackage{microtype} % Slightly tweak font spacing for aesthetics
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\usepackage[english]{babel} % Language hyphenation and typographical rules
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\usepackage{changepage} % adjust margins on the fly
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\usepackage[final, colorlinks = true, urlcolor = black, linkcolor = black, citecolor = black]{hyperref}
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\usepackage{fontspec}
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% \setmainfont{EB Garamond}
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% \setmonofont[Scale=MatchLowercase]{Deja Vu Sans Mono}
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\setmainfont{EB Garamond}[
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Ligatures=TeX,
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Numbers=OldStyle
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]
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% Fallback font (for missing characters)
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\setmainfont{EB Garamond}[
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% Ligatures=TeX,
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% Numbers=OldStyle
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]
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\newfontfamily{\emojifont}{Noto Color Emoji}[Renderer=Harfbuzz]
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% Monospace font configuration
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\setmonofont[Scale=MatchLowercase]{DejaVu Sans Mono}
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\usepackage[backend=biber, style=numeric, date=iso, urldate=iso]{biblatex}
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\addbibresource{references.bib}
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\DeclareFieldFormat{urldate}{Accessed on: #1}
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\usepackage{minted}
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\usemintedstyle{algol_nu}
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\usepackage{xcolor}
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\usepackage{pgfplots}
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\pgfplotsset{width=\textwidth,compat=1.9}
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\usepackage{caption}
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\newenvironment{code}{\captionsetup{type=listing}}{}
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\captionsetup[listing]{skip=0pt}
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\setlength{\abovecaptionskip}{5pt}
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\setlength{\belowcaptionskip}{5pt}
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\usepackage[yyyymmdd]{datetime}
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\renewcommand{\dateseparator}{--}
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\usepackage{titlesec}
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% \titleformat{\section}{\LARGE\bfseries}{}{}{}[\titlerule]
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% \titleformat{\subsection}{\Large\bfseries}{}{0em}{}
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% \titlespacing{\subsection}{0em}{-0.7em}{0em}
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%
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% \titleformat{\subsubsection}{\large\bfseries}{}{0em}{$\bullet$ }
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% \titlespacing{\subsubsection}{1em}{-0.7em}{0em}
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% margins
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\addtolength{\hoffset}{-2.25cm}
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\addtolength{\textwidth}{4.5cm}
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\addtolength{\voffset}{-3.25cm}
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\addtolength{\textheight}{5cm}
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\setlength{\parskip}{0pt}
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\setlength{\parindent}{0in}
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% \setcounter{secnumdepth}{0}
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\begin{document}
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\hrule \medskip
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\begin{minipage}{0.295\textwidth}
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\raggedright
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\footnotesize
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\begin{tabular}{@{}l l}
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Name: & Andrew Hayes \\
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Student ID: & 21321503 \\
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E-mail: & \href{mailto://a.hayes18@universityofgalway.ie}{\texttt{a.hayes18@universityofgalway.ie}} \\
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\end{tabular}
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\end{minipage}
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\begin{minipage}{0.4\textwidth}
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\centering
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\vspace{0.4em}
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\LARGE
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\textsc{ct420} \\
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\end{minipage}
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\begin{minipage}{0.295\textwidth}
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\raggedleft
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\today
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\end{minipage}
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\medskip\hrule
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\begin{center}
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\normalsize
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Assignment 2: POSIX Programming \& Benchmarking
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\end{center}
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\hrule
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\medskip
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\section{Host Environment}
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For my host environment, I chose to run Ubuntu Server 24.04.2 LTS using a VirtualBox hypervisor.
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I chose this operating system as I have sufficient Linux experience to feel confident using an operating system with no graphical interface (as opposed to Ubuntu Desktop), and the absence of a GUI means a smaller ISO file, memory footprint, \& CPU footprint.
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I chose Ubuntu specifically because it's a Linux system with which I have previous experience, and is well-document with plenty of packages available to install if needs be.
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Ubuntu also makes it easy to install the \verb|PREEMPT_RT| patches, which transform the standard Linux kernel into a fully preemptible, real-time kernel, which I felt was more suitable for this assignment, as the standard Linux kernel is not suitable for a hard real-time system due to its lack of preemption.
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\begin{figure}[H]
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\centering
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\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{./images/hardware.png}
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\caption{Virtual machine hardware configuration}
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\end{figure}
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I set the virtual machine to have a single CPU and set the amount of RAM to 2048MB which is the recommended minimum for Ubuntu Server\supercite{ubuntu_server_installation}.
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I left the hard disk size at the default of 25GB as I saw no reason to change it.
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The real-time kernel with the \verb|PREEMPT_RT| patches installed is available with Ubuntu Pro, which is free for personal use.
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After setting up an Ubuntu Pro account, I enabled the real-time kernel using the \mintinline{bash}{pro} command.
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\begin{figure}[H]
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\centering
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\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{./images/proenable.png}
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\caption{Enabling the real-time kernel with the \mintinline{bash}{pro} command}
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\end{figure}
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Finally, I transferred over the following C file (taken from the lecture slides) via \mintinline{shell}{scp} to the virtual machine to get the clock resolution, which is 1 nanosecond:
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\begin{code}
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\begin{minted}[linenos, breaklines, frame=single]{C}
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#include<unistd.h>
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#include<time.h>
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#include <stdio.h>
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int main(){
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struct timespec clock_res;
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int stat;
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stat=clock_getres(CLOCK_REALTIME, &clock_res);
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printf("Clock resolution is %d seconds, %ld nanoseconds\n",clock_res.tv_sec,clock_res.tv_nsec);
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return 0;
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}
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\end{minted}
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\end{code}
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\begin{figure}[H]
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\centering
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\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{./images/clockres.png}
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\caption{Getting the clock resolution of the virtual machine}
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\end{figure}
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\section{CPU \& Data-Intensive Applications}
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To develop my CPU \& data-intensive programs, I chose to use Python for ease of development (and because any Python program will stress your CPU \& memory no matter how simple {\emojifont 😉}).
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I chose \mintinline{shell}{htop} as my resource-monitoring tool as I have often used it in the past, it has easy to read \& understand output, and shows you exactly what proportion of the CPU \& memory is in use at that time.
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It also allows you to list processes by CPU consumption or memory consumption which is a useful option to have for this assignment.
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\begin{code}
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\inputminted[linenos, breaklines, frame=single]{python}{../code/stressers/stress_cpu.py}
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\caption{\texttt{stress\_cpu.py}}
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\end{code}
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\begin{figure}[H]
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\centering
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\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{./images/medcpuload.png}
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\caption{\mintinline{python}{htop} output when running \mintinline{shell}{python3 stress_cpu.py --load medium}}
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\end{figure}
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\begin{figure}[H]
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\centering
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\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{./images/highcpuload.png}
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\caption{\mintinline{python}{htop} output when running \mintinline{shell}{python3 stress_cpu.py --load high}}
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\end{figure}
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\begin{code}
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\inputminted[linenos, breaklines, frame=single]{python}{../code/stressers/stress_memory.py}
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\caption{\texttt{stress\_memory.py}}
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\end{code}
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\begin{figure}[H]
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\centering
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\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{./images/memstress.png}
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\caption{\mintinline{python}{htop} output when running \mintinline{shell}{python3 stress_memory.py --usage 0.85}}
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\end{figure}
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\printbibliography
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\end{document}
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