Add CT331 Programming Paradigms
This commit is contained in:
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\begin{Verbatim}[commandchars=\\\{\}]
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\PYG{k}{sizeof}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{o}{\PYGZlt{}}\PYG{n}{type}\PYG{o}{\PYGZgt{}}\PYG{p}{)}
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\end{Verbatim}
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\begin{Verbatim}[commandchars=\\\{\},codes={\catcode`\$=3\catcode`\^=7\catcode`\_=8\relax}]
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\PYG{c+cp}{\PYGZsh{}include}\PYG{c+cpf}{\PYGZlt{}stdio.h>}
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\PYG{k+kt}{void}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{n+nf}{swap}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{k+kt}{int}\PYG{o}{*}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{n}{x}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{k+kt}{int}\PYG{o}{*}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{n}{y}\PYG{p}{)}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{p}{\PYGZob{}}
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\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{k+kt}{int}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{n}{temp}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{o}{=}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{o}{*}\PYG{n}{x}\PYG{p}{;}
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\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{o}{*}\PYG{n}{x}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{o}{=}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{o}{*}\PYG{n}{y}\PYG{p}{;}
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\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{o}{*}\PYG{n}{y}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{o}{=}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{n}{temp}\PYG{p}{;}
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\PYG{p}{\PYGZcb{}}
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\PYG{k+kt}{int}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{n+nf}{main}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{k+kt}{int}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{n}{argc}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{k+kt}{char}\PYG{o}{*}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{n}{arv}\PYG{p}{[])}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{p}{\PYGZob{}}
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\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{k+kt}{int}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{n}{a}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{o}{=}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{l+m+mi}{8}\PYG{p}{;}
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\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{k+kt}{int}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{n}{b}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{o}{=}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{l+m+mi}{4}\PYG{p}{;}
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\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{n}{swap}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{o}{\PYGZam{}}\PYG{n}{a}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{o}{\PYGZam{}}\PYG{n}{b}\PYG{p}{);}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{c+c1}{// this should make a=4 & b=8}
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\PYG{p}{\PYGZcb{}}
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\end{Verbatim}
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\begin{Verbatim}[commandchars=\\\{\}]
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\PYG{k+kt}{void}\PYG{o}{*}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{n}{memcpy}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{k+kt}{void}\PYG{o}{*}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{n}{to}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{k}{const}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{k+kt}{void}\PYG{o}{*}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{n}{from}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{k+kt}{size\PYGZus{}t}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{n}{size}\PYG{p}{)}
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\end{Verbatim}
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\begin{Verbatim}[commandchars=\\\{\}]
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\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n+nv}{define}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{n+nv}{variable}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{n+nv}{value}\PYG{p}{)}
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\end{Verbatim}
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\begin{Verbatim}[commandchars=\\\{\},codes={\catcode`\$=3\catcode`\^=7\catcode`\_=8\relax}]
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\PYG{c+c1}{// header inclusion: functionally defined in stdio.h is added into the program by the compiler, specifically the Linker step of the compiler}
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\PYG{c+c1}{// "stdio" is short for "Standard Input / Output"}
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\PYG{c+cp}{\PYGZsh{}include}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{c+cpf}{\PYGZlt{}stdio.h>}
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\PYG{c+c1}{// function prototype: tells the compiler that the function exists before it has been implemented}
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\PYG{c+c1}{// allows the compiler to handle recursion, or functions calling each other}
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\PYG{k+kt}{void}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{n+nf}{sayHello}\PYG{p}{();}
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\PYG{c+c1}{// function definition: implements the function}
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\PYG{c+c1}{// note: data type, arguments, return}
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\PYG{k+kt}{void}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{n+nf}{sayHello}\PYG{p}{()}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{p}{\PYGZob{}}
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\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{c+c1}{// calling a function: printf takes a char* argument}
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\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{n}{printf}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{l+s}{\PYGZdq{}Hello World!}\PYG{l+s+se}{\PYGZbs{}n}\PYG{l+s}{\PYGZdq{}}\PYG{p}{);}
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\PYG{p}{\PYGZcb{}}
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\PYG{c+c1}{// main function: the entry point to the progam}
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\PYG{c+c1}{// returns int}
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\PYG{c+c1}{// takes two arguments: argc (the number of command-line arguments) & argv (an array of the arguments)}
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\PYG{k+kt}{int}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{n+nf}{main}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{k+kt}{int}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{n}{argc}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{k+kt}{char}\PYG{o}{*}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{n}{argv}\PYG{p}{[])}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{p}{\PYGZob{}}
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\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{c+c1}{// calling a function: sayhello takes no argument. nothing is returned}
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\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{n}{sayHello}\PYG{p}{();}
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\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{k}{return}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{l+m+mi}{0}\PYG{p}{;}
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\PYG{p}{\PYGZcb{}}
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\end{Verbatim}
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\begin{Verbatim}[commandchars=\\\{\},codes={\catcode`\$=3\catcode`\^=7\catcode`\_=8\relax}]
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\PYG{n+nb}{\PYGZgt{}}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n+nb}{car}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n+nb}{cdr}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{o}{\PYGZsq{}}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{l+m+mi}{1}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{l+m+mi}{2}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{l+m+mi}{3}\PYG{p}{)))}
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\PYG{l+m+mi}{2}
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\end{Verbatim}
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\begin{Verbatim}[commandchars=\\\{\},codes={\catcode`\$=3\catcode`\^=7\catcode`\_=8\relax}]
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\PYG{c+c1}{// pointer p2 points to the address of integer i}
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\PYG{k+kt}{int}\PYG{o}{*}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{n}{p2}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{o}{=}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{o}{\PYGZam{}}\PYG{n}{i}\PYG{p}{;}
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\end{Verbatim}
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\begin{Verbatim}[commandchars=\\\{\},codes={\catcode`\$=3\catcode`\^=7\catcode`\_=8\relax}]
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\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n+nb}{+}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{l+m+mi}{3}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{l+m+mi}{4}\PYG{p}{)}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{c+c1}{; = 7}
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\PYG{o}{\PYGZsq{}}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n+nb}{+}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{l+m+mi}{3}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{l+m+mi}{4}\PYG{p}{)}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{c+c1}{; = '(+ 3 4)}
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\end{Verbatim}
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\begin{Verbatim}[commandchars=\\\{\}]
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\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n+nb}{append}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{n+nv}{list1}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{n+nv}{list2}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{n+nv}{listn}\PYG{p}{)}
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\end{Verbatim}
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\begin{Verbatim}[commandchars=\\\{\},codes={\catcode`\$=3\catcode`\^=7\catcode`\_=8\relax}]
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\PYG{o}{\PYGZsq{}}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{l+m+mi}{1}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{l+m+mi}{2}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{l+m+mi}{3}\PYG{p}{)}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{c+c1}{; list of numbers}
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\PYG{o}{\PYGZsq{}}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{l+s}{\PYGZdq{}this\PYGZdq{}}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{l+s}{\PYGZdq{}that\PYGZdq{}}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{l+s}{\PYGZdq{}the other\PYGZdq{}}\PYG{p}{)}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{c+c1}{; list of strings}
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\PYG{o}{\PYGZsq{}}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{l+m+mi}{1}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{l+m+mi}{2}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{l+s}{\PYGZdq{}three\PYGZdq{}}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{l+m+mi}{4}\PYG{p}{)}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{c+c1}{; list of mixed data types}
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\end{Verbatim}
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\begin{Verbatim}[commandchars=\\\{\},codes={\catcode`\$=3\catcode`\^=7\catcode`\_=8\relax}]
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\PYG{c+cp}{\PYGZsh{}include}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{c+cpf}{\PYGZlt{}string.h>}
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\PYG{k+kt}{void}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{n+nf}{generic\PYGZus{}swap}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{k+kt}{void}\PYG{o}{*}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{n}{vp1}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{k+kt}{void}\PYG{o}{*}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{n}{vp2}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{k+kt}{int}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{n}{size}\PYG{p}{)}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{p}{\PYGZob{}}
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\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{k+kt}{char}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{n}{temp\PYGZus{}buff}\PYG{p}{[}\PYG{n}{size}\PYG{p}{];}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{c+c1}{// need malloc?}
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\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{n}{memcpy}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n}{temp\PYGZus{}buff}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{n}{vp1}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{n}{size}\PYG{p}{);}
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\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{n}{memcpy}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n}{vp1}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{n}{vp2}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{n}{size}\PYG{p}{);}
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\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{n}{memcpy}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n}{vp2}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{n}{temp\PYGZus{}buff}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{n}{size}\PYG{p}{);}
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\PYG{p}{\PYGZcb{}}
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\end{Verbatim}
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\begin{Verbatim}[commandchars=\\\{\},codes={\catcode`\$=3\catcode`\^=7\catcode`\_=8\relax}]
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\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n+nv}{define}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n+nv}{function\PYGZus{}name}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{n+nv}{parameter\PYGZhy{}list}\PYG{p}{)}
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\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{n+nv}{Function\PYGZhy{}body}
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\PYG{p}{)}
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\PYG{c+c1}{;;; calculates the absolute addition of two numbers where the function abs returns the absolute value of a number}
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\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n+nv}{define}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n+nv}{sumabs}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{n+nv}{num1}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{n+nv}{num2}\PYG{p}{)}
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\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n+nb}{+}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n+nb}{abs}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{n+nv}{num1}\PYG{p}{)}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n+nb}{abs}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{n+nv}{num2}\PYG{p}{))}
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\PYG{p}{)}
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\end{Verbatim}
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\begin{Verbatim}[commandchars=\\\{\},codes={\catcode`\$=3\catcode`\^=7\catcode`\_=8\relax}]
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\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n+nb}{+}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{l+m+mi}{3}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{l+m+mi}{4}\PYG{p}{)}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{c+c1}{; = 7}
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\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n+nb}{*}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{l+m+mi}{5}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{l+m+mi}{6}\PYG{p}{)}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{c+c1}{; = 30}
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\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n+nb}{\PYGZhy{}}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{l+m+mi}{4}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n+nb}{*}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{l+m+mi}{5}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{l+m+mi}{6}\PYG{p}{))}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{c+c1}{; = -26}
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\end{Verbatim}
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\begin{Verbatim}[commandchars=\\\{\},codes={\catcode`\$=3\catcode`\^=7\catcode`\_=8\relax}]
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\PYG{n+nb}{\PYGZgt{}}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n+nb}{car}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{o}{\PYGZsq{}}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{l+m+mi}{1}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{l+m+mi}{2}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{l+m+mi}{3}\PYG{p}{))}
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\PYG{l+m+mi}{1}
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\end{Verbatim}
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\begin{Verbatim}[commandchars=\\\{\},codes={\catcode`\$=3\catcode`\^=7\catcode`\_=8\relax}]
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\PYG{c+c1}{;;;; these two are equivalent}
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\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n+nb}{car}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n+nb}{cdr}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n+nb}{cdr}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n+nb}{cdr}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{n+nv}{lis}\PYG{p}{))))}
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\PYG{n+nb}{cadddr}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n+nv}{lis}\PYG{p}{)}
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\end{Verbatim}
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\begin{Verbatim}[commandchars=\\\{\},codes={\catcode`\$=3\catcode`\^=7\catcode`\_=8\relax}]
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\PYG{n+nb}{\PYGZgt{}}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n+nv}{sumabs}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{l+m+mi}{2}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{l+m+mi}{\PYGZhy{}3}\PYG{p}{)}
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\PYG{l+m+mi}{5}
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\end{Verbatim}
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\begin{Verbatim}[commandchars=\\\{\},codes={\catcode`\$=3\catcode`\^=7\catcode`\_=8\relax}]
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\PYG{c+cp}{\PYGZsh{}include}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{c+cpf}{\PYGZlt{}stdio.h>}
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\PYG{k+kt}{int}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{n+nf}{add}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{k+kt}{int}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{n}{a}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{k+kt}{int}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{n}{b}\PYG{p}{);}
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\PYG{k+kt}{int}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{n+nf}{add}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{k+kt}{int}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{n}{a}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{k+kt}{int}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{n}{b}\PYG{p}{)}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{p}{\PYGZob{}}
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\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{k}{return}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{n}{a}\PYG{o}{+}\PYG{n}{b}\PYG{p}{;}
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\PYG{p}{\PYGZcb{}}
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\PYG{k+kt}{int}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{n+nf}{main}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{k+kt}{int}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{n}{argc}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{k+kt}{char}\PYG{o}{*}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{n}{argv}\PYG{p}{[])}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{p}{\PYGZob{}}
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\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{n}{printf}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{l+s}{\PYGZdq{}Let\PYGZsq{}s add some numbers...}\PYG{l+s+se}{\PYGZbs{}n}\PYG{l+s}{\PYGZdq{}}\PYG{p}{);}
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\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{k+kt}{int}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{n}{first}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{o}{=}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{l+m+mi}{8}\PYG{p}{;}
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\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{k+kt}{int}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{n}{second}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{o}{=}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{l+m+mi}{4}\PYG{p}{;}
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\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{n}{printf}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{l+s}{\PYGZdq{}The first number is \PYGZpc{}d}\PYG{l+s+se}{\PYGZbs{}n}\PYG{l+s}{\PYGZdq{}}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{n}{first}\PYG{p}{);}
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\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{n}{printf}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{l+s}{\PYGZdq{}The second number is \PYGZpc{}d}\PYG{l+s+se}{\PYGZbs{}n}\PYG{l+s}{\PYGZdq{}}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{n}{second}\PYG{p}{);}
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\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{c+c1}{// "add" is a function that returns an int}
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\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{c+c1}{// the returned int is stored in the "result" variable - they must have the same data type}
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\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{k+kt}{int}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{n}{result}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{o}{=}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{n}{add}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n}{first}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{n}{second}\PYG{p}{);}
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\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{c+c1}{// "%d" is for ints - strictly decimal ints}
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\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{c+c1}{// "%i" is any int including octal and hexadecimal}
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\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{n}{printf}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{l+s}{\PYGZdq{}When we add them together we get: \PYGZpc{}d}\PYG{l+s+se}{\PYGZbs{}n}\PYG{l+s}{\PYGZdq{}}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{n}{result}\PYG{p}{);}
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\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{k}{return}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{l+m+mi}{0}\PYG{p}{;}
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\PYG{p}{\PYGZcb{}}
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\end{Verbatim}
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\begin{Verbatim}[commandchars=\\\{\},codes={\catcode`\$=3\catcode`\^=7\catcode`\_=8\relax}]
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\PYG{k+kt}{void}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{n+nf}{swap}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{k+kt}{void}\PYG{o}{*}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{n}{x}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{k+kt}{void}\PYG{o}{*}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{n}{y}\PYG{p}{)}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{p}{\PYGZob{}}
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\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{k+kt}{void}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{n}{temp}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{o}{=}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{o}{*}\PYG{n}{x}\PYG{p}{;}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{c+c1}{// won't work!}
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\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{c+c1}{// we don't know what size data *x points to, so void temp can't work}
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\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{c+c1}{// it is impossible to have a variable of type void for this reason}
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\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{c+c1}{// but we can have a pointer of type void*}
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\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{o}{*}\PYG{n}{x}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{o}{=}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{o}{*}\PYG{n}{y}\PYG{p}{;}
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\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{o}{*}\PYG{n}{y}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{o}{=}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{n}{temp}\PYG{p}{;}
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\PYG{p}{\PYGZcb{}}
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\end{Verbatim}
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\begin{Verbatim}[commandchars=\\\{\},codes={\catcode`\$=3\catcode`\^=7\catcode`\_=8\relax}]
|
||||
\PYG{n+nb}{\PYGZgt{}}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n+nb}{cons}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{l+s}{\PYGZdq{}banana\PYGZdq{}}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{l+s}{\PYGZdq{}split\PYGZdq{}}\PYG{p}{)}
|
||||
\PYG{o}{\PYGZsq{}}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{l+s}{\PYGZdq{}banana\PYGZdq{}}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{o}{.}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{l+s}{\PYGZdq{}split\PYGZdq{}}\PYG{p}{)}\PYG{o}{\PYGZsq{}}
|
||||
\end{Verbatim}
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
|
||||
\begin{Verbatim}[commandchars=\\\{\},codes={\catcode`\$=3\catcode`\^=7\catcode`\_=8\relax}]
|
||||
\PYG{c+c1}{// ineger i2 is assigned the integer value that the pointer p is pointing to}
|
||||
\PYG{k+kt}{int}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{n}{i2}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{o}{=}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{o}{*}\PYG{n}{p}\PYG{p}{;}
|
||||
\end{Verbatim}
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
|
||||
\begin{Verbatim}[commandchars=\\\{\}]
|
||||
\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n+nb}{list}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{n+nv}{el\PYGZhy{}1}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{n+nv}{el\PYGZhy{}2}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{n+nv}{el\PYGZhy{}n}\PYG{p}{)}
|
||||
\end{Verbatim}
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
|
||||
\begin{Verbatim}[commandchars=\\\{\},codes={\catcode`\$=3\catcode`\^=7\catcode`\_=8\relax}]
|
||||
\PYG{c+c1}{// first, b & c are pushed onto the stack}
|
||||
\PYG{k+kt}{int}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{n}{b}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{o}{=}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{l+m+mi}{100}\PYG{p}{;}
|
||||
\PYG{k+kt}{int}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{n}{c}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{o}{=}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{l+m+mi}{50}\PYG{p}{;}
|
||||
|
||||
\PYG{c+c1}{// when swap() is called, x, y, & temp are pushed onto the stack}
|
||||
\PYG{k+kt}{void}\PYG{o}{*}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{n+nf}{swap}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{k+kt}{int}\PYG{o}{*}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{n}{x}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{k+kt}{int}\PYG{o}{*}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{n}{y}\PYG{p}{)}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{p}{\PYGZob{}}
|
||||
\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{k+kt}{int}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{n}{temp}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{o}{=}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{o}{*}\PYG{n}{x}\PYG{p}{;}
|
||||
|
||||
\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{c+c1}{// we allocate space in memory to perm using malloc}
|
||||
\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{k+kt}{int}\PYG{o}{*}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{n}{perm}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{o}{=}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{n}{malloc}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{k+kt}{int}\PYG{p}{);}
|
||||
\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{n}{perm}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{o}{=}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{o}{\PYGZam{}}\PYG{n}{temp}\PYG{p}{;}
|
||||
\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{n}{x}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{o}{=}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{n}{y}\PYG{p}{;}
|
||||
\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{n}{y}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{o}{=}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{o}{*}\PYG{n}{perm}\PYG{p}{;}
|
||||
|
||||
\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{c+c1}{// when swap returns, x, y, & temp are popped from the stack}
|
||||
\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{c+c1}{// the memory allocated to perm is still in use}
|
||||
\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{k}{return}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{n}{perm}\PYG{p}{;}
|
||||
\PYG{p}{\PYGZcb{}}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
\PYG{k+kt}{void}\PYG{o}{*}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{n}{p}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{o}{=}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{n}{swap}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n}{b}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{n}{c}\PYG{p}{);}
|
||||
\PYG{n}{free}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n}{p}\PYG{p}{);}
|
||||
\end{Verbatim}
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
|
||||
\begin{Verbatim}[commandchars=\\\{\},codes={\catcode`\$=3\catcode`\^=7\catcode`\_=8\relax}]
|
||||
\PYG{n+nb}{\PYGZgt{}}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n+nb}{cdr}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{o}{\PYGZsq{}}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{l+m+mi}{1}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{l+m+mi}{2}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{l+m+mi}{3}\PYG{p}{))}
|
||||
\PYG{o}{\PYGZsq{}}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{l+m+mi}{2}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{l+m+mi}{3}\PYG{p}{)}
|
||||
\end{Verbatim}
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
|
||||
\begin{Verbatim}[commandchars=\\\{\},codes={\catcode`\$=3\catcode`\^=7\catcode`\_=8\relax}]
|
||||
\PYG{c+c1}{// first, a, b, & c are pushed onto the stack}
|
||||
\PYG{k+kt}{char}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{n}{a}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{o}{=}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{l+s+sc}{\PYGZsq{}a\PYGZsq{}}\PYG{p}{;}
|
||||
\PYG{k+kt}{int}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{n}{b}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{o}{=}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{l+m+mi}{100}\PYG{p}{;}
|
||||
\PYG{k+kt}{int}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{n}{c}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{o}{=}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{l+m+mi}{50}\PYG{p}{;}
|
||||
|
||||
\PYG{c+c1}{// when swap() is called, x, y, & temp are pushed onto the stack}
|
||||
\PYG{k+kt}{void}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{n+nf}{swap}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{k+kt}{int}\PYG{o}{*}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{n}{x}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{k+kt}{int}\PYG{o}{*}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{n}{y}\PYG{p}{)}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{p}{\PYGZob{}}
|
||||
\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{k+kt}{int}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{n}{temp}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{o}{=}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{o}{*}\PYG{n}{x}\PYG{p}{;}
|
||||
\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{o}{*}\PYG{n}{x}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{o}{=}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{o}{*}\PYG{n}{y}\PYG{p}{;}
|
||||
\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{o}{*}\PYG{n}{y}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{o}{=}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{n}{temp}\PYG{p}{;}
|
||||
|
||||
\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{c+c1}{// when swap returns, x, y, & temp are popped from the stack and \textbf{their memory is no longer in use}}
|
||||
\PYG{p}{\PYGZcb{}}
|
||||
|
||||
\PYG{n}{swap}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n}{b}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{n}{c}\PYG{p}{);}
|
||||
\end{Verbatim}
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
|
||||
\begin{Verbatim}[commandchars=\\\{\},codes={\catcode`\$=3\catcode`\^=7\catcode`\_=8\relax}]
|
||||
\PYG{n+nb}{\PYGZgt{}}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n+nb}{cons}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{l+m+mi}{2}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{n+nv}{empty}\PYG{p}{)}
|
||||
\PYG{o}{\PYGZsq{}}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{l+m+mi}{2}\PYG{p}{)}
|
||||
|
||||
\PYG{n+nb}{\PYGZgt{}}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n+nb}{cons}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{l+m+mi}{1}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n+nb}{cons}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{l+m+mi}{2}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{n+nv}{empty}\PYG{p}{))}
|
||||
\PYG{o}{\PYGZsq{}}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{l+m+mi}{1}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{l+m+mi}{2}\PYG{p}{)}
|
||||
\end{Verbatim}
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
|
||||
\begin{Verbatim}[commandchars=\\\{\}]
|
||||
\PYG{k+kt}{void}\PYG{o}{*}
|
||||
\end{Verbatim}
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
|
||||
\begin{Verbatim}[commandchars=\\\{\},codes={\catcode`\$=3\catcode`\^=7\catcode`\_=8\relax}]
|
||||
\PYG{k+kt}{int}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{n}{intArr}\PYG{p}{[}\PYG{l+m+mi}{5}\PYG{p}{];}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{c+c1}{// an integer array of size 5}
|
||||
\PYG{c+c1}{// intArr is a pointer to the 0th element of the array - the same as &intArr[0]}
|
||||
|
||||
\PYG{n}{intArr}\PYG{p}{[}\PYG{l+m+mi}{2}\PYG{p}{]}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{o}{=}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{l+m+mi}{3}\PYG{p}{;}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{c+c1}{// same as *(intArr+2) = 3;}
|
||||
\PYG{c+c1}{// (intArr + 2) is of type (int*) while intArr[2] is of type int}
|
||||
\PYG{c+c1}{// in the latter case, the pointer is dereferenced}
|
||||
\PYG{c+c1}{// (intArr + 2) is the same as (&(intArr[2]))}
|
||||
\PYG{c+c1}{// note that the + operator here is not simple addition - it moves the pointer by the size of the type}
|
||||
\end{Verbatim}
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
|
||||
\begin{Verbatim}[commandchars=\\\{\},codes={\catcode`\$=3\catcode`\^=7\catcode`\_=8\relax}]
|
||||
\PYG{k+kt}{int}\PYG{o}{*}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{n}{p}\PYG{p}{;}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{c+c1}{// variable p is a pointer to an integer value}
|
||||
\PYG{k+kt}{int}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{n}{i}\PYG{p}{;}\PYG{+w}{ }\PYG{c+c1}{// integer value}
|
||||
\end{Verbatim}
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
|
||||
|
||||
\makeatletter
|
||||
\def\PYG@reset{\let\PYG@it=\relax \let\PYG@bf=\relax%
|
||||
\let\PYG@ul=\relax \let\PYG@tc=\relax%
|
||||
\let\PYG@bc=\relax \let\PYG@ff=\relax}
|
||||
\def\PYG@tok#1{\csname PYG@tok@#1\endcsname}
|
||||
\def\PYG@toks#1+{\ifx\relax#1\empty\else%
|
||||
\PYG@tok{#1}\expandafter\PYG@toks\fi}
|
||||
\def\PYG@do#1{\PYG@bc{\PYG@tc{\PYG@ul{%
|
||||
\PYG@it{\PYG@bf{\PYG@ff{#1}}}}}}}
|
||||
\def\PYG#1#2{\PYG@reset\PYG@toks#1+\relax+\PYG@do{#2}}
|
||||
|
||||
\@namedef{PYG@tok@c}{\let\PYG@it=\textit\def\PYG@tc##1{\textcolor[rgb]{0.53,0.53,0.53}{##1}}}
|
||||
\@namedef{PYG@tok@cp}{\let\PYG@bf=\textbf\def\PYG@tc##1{\textcolor[rgb]{0.53,0.53,0.53}{##1}}}
|
||||
\@namedef{PYG@tok@cs}{\let\PYG@bf=\textbf\def\PYG@tc##1{\textcolor[rgb]{0.53,0.53,0.53}{##1}}}
|
||||
\@namedef{PYG@tok@k}{\let\PYG@bf=\textbf}
|
||||
\@namedef{PYG@tok@kd}{\let\PYG@bf=\textbf\let\PYG@it=\textit}
|
||||
\@namedef{PYG@tok@nb}{\let\PYG@bf=\textbf\let\PYG@it=\textit}
|
||||
\@namedef{PYG@tok@bp}{\let\PYG@bf=\textbf\let\PYG@it=\textit}
|
||||
\@namedef{PYG@tok@nn}{\let\PYG@bf=\textbf\let\PYG@it=\textit\def\PYG@tc##1{\textcolor[rgb]{0.40,0.40,0.40}{##1}}}
|
||||
\@namedef{PYG@tok@nc}{\let\PYG@bf=\textbf\let\PYG@it=\textit\def\PYG@tc##1{\textcolor[rgb]{0.40,0.40,0.40}{##1}}}
|
||||
\@namedef{PYG@tok@nf}{\let\PYG@bf=\textbf\let\PYG@it=\textit\def\PYG@tc##1{\textcolor[rgb]{0.40,0.40,0.40}{##1}}}
|
||||
\@namedef{PYG@tok@nv}{\let\PYG@bf=\textbf\let\PYG@it=\textit\def\PYG@tc##1{\textcolor[rgb]{0.40,0.40,0.40}{##1}}}
|
||||
\@namedef{PYG@tok@no}{\let\PYG@bf=\textbf\let\PYG@it=\textit\def\PYG@tc##1{\textcolor[rgb]{0.40,0.40,0.40}{##1}}}
|
||||
\@namedef{PYG@tok@ow}{\let\PYG@bf=\textbf}
|
||||
\@namedef{PYG@tok@s}{\let\PYG@it=\textit\def\PYG@tc##1{\textcolor[rgb]{0.40,0.40,0.40}{##1}}}
|
||||
\@namedef{PYG@tok@err}{\def\PYG@bc##1{{\setlength{\fboxsep}{\string -\fboxrule}\fcolorbox[rgb]{1.00,0.00,0.00}{1,1,1}{\strut ##1}}}}
|
||||
\@namedef{PYG@tok@kc}{\let\PYG@bf=\textbf}
|
||||
\@namedef{PYG@tok@kn}{\let\PYG@bf=\textbf}
|
||||
\@namedef{PYG@tok@kp}{\let\PYG@bf=\textbf}
|
||||
\@namedef{PYG@tok@kr}{\let\PYG@bf=\textbf}
|
||||
\@namedef{PYG@tok@kt}{\let\PYG@bf=\textbf}
|
||||
\@namedef{PYG@tok@fm}{\let\PYG@bf=\textbf\let\PYG@it=\textit\def\PYG@tc##1{\textcolor[rgb]{0.40,0.40,0.40}{##1}}}
|
||||
\@namedef{PYG@tok@vc}{\let\PYG@bf=\textbf\let\PYG@it=\textit\def\PYG@tc##1{\textcolor[rgb]{0.40,0.40,0.40}{##1}}}
|
||||
\@namedef{PYG@tok@vg}{\let\PYG@bf=\textbf\let\PYG@it=\textit\def\PYG@tc##1{\textcolor[rgb]{0.40,0.40,0.40}{##1}}}
|
||||
\@namedef{PYG@tok@vi}{\let\PYG@bf=\textbf\let\PYG@it=\textit\def\PYG@tc##1{\textcolor[rgb]{0.40,0.40,0.40}{##1}}}
|
||||
\@namedef{PYG@tok@vm}{\let\PYG@bf=\textbf\let\PYG@it=\textit\def\PYG@tc##1{\textcolor[rgb]{0.40,0.40,0.40}{##1}}}
|
||||
\@namedef{PYG@tok@sa}{\let\PYG@it=\textit\def\PYG@tc##1{\textcolor[rgb]{0.40,0.40,0.40}{##1}}}
|
||||
\@namedef{PYG@tok@sb}{\let\PYG@it=\textit\def\PYG@tc##1{\textcolor[rgb]{0.40,0.40,0.40}{##1}}}
|
||||
\@namedef{PYG@tok@sc}{\let\PYG@it=\textit\def\PYG@tc##1{\textcolor[rgb]{0.40,0.40,0.40}{##1}}}
|
||||
\@namedef{PYG@tok@dl}{\let\PYG@it=\textit\def\PYG@tc##1{\textcolor[rgb]{0.40,0.40,0.40}{##1}}}
|
||||
\@namedef{PYG@tok@sd}{\let\PYG@it=\textit\def\PYG@tc##1{\textcolor[rgb]{0.40,0.40,0.40}{##1}}}
|
||||
\@namedef{PYG@tok@s2}{\let\PYG@it=\textit\def\PYG@tc##1{\textcolor[rgb]{0.40,0.40,0.40}{##1}}}
|
||||
\@namedef{PYG@tok@se}{\let\PYG@it=\textit\def\PYG@tc##1{\textcolor[rgb]{0.40,0.40,0.40}{##1}}}
|
||||
\@namedef{PYG@tok@sh}{\let\PYG@it=\textit\def\PYG@tc##1{\textcolor[rgb]{0.40,0.40,0.40}{##1}}}
|
||||
\@namedef{PYG@tok@si}{\let\PYG@it=\textit\def\PYG@tc##1{\textcolor[rgb]{0.40,0.40,0.40}{##1}}}
|
||||
\@namedef{PYG@tok@sx}{\let\PYG@it=\textit\def\PYG@tc##1{\textcolor[rgb]{0.40,0.40,0.40}{##1}}}
|
||||
\@namedef{PYG@tok@sr}{\let\PYG@it=\textit\def\PYG@tc##1{\textcolor[rgb]{0.40,0.40,0.40}{##1}}}
|
||||
\@namedef{PYG@tok@s1}{\let\PYG@it=\textit\def\PYG@tc##1{\textcolor[rgb]{0.40,0.40,0.40}{##1}}}
|
||||
\@namedef{PYG@tok@ss}{\let\PYG@it=\textit\def\PYG@tc##1{\textcolor[rgb]{0.40,0.40,0.40}{##1}}}
|
||||
\@namedef{PYG@tok@ch}{\let\PYG@it=\textit\def\PYG@tc##1{\textcolor[rgb]{0.53,0.53,0.53}{##1}}}
|
||||
\@namedef{PYG@tok@cm}{\let\PYG@it=\textit\def\PYG@tc##1{\textcolor[rgb]{0.53,0.53,0.53}{##1}}}
|
||||
\@namedef{PYG@tok@cpf}{\let\PYG@it=\textit\def\PYG@tc##1{\textcolor[rgb]{0.53,0.53,0.53}{##1}}}
|
||||
\@namedef{PYG@tok@c1}{\let\PYG@it=\textit\def\PYG@tc##1{\textcolor[rgb]{0.53,0.53,0.53}{##1}}}
|
||||
|
||||
\def\PYGZbs{\char`\\}
|
||||
\def\PYGZus{\char`\_}
|
||||
\def\PYGZob{\char`\{}
|
||||
\def\PYGZcb{\char`\}}
|
||||
\def\PYGZca{\char`\^}
|
||||
\def\PYGZam{\char`\&}
|
||||
\def\PYGZlt{\char`\<}
|
||||
\def\PYGZgt{\char`\>}
|
||||
\def\PYGZsh{\char`\#}
|
||||
\def\PYGZpc{\char`\%}
|
||||
\def\PYGZdl{\char`\$}
|
||||
\def\PYGZhy{\char`\-}
|
||||
\def\PYGZsq{\char`\'}
|
||||
\def\PYGZdq{\char`\"}
|
||||
\def\PYGZti{\char`\~}
|
||||
% for compatibility with earlier versions
|
||||
\def\PYGZat{@}
|
||||
\def\PYGZlb{[}
|
||||
\def\PYGZrb{]}
|
||||
\makeatother
|
||||
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user